The neighborhood of Marechal Hermes was one of the first planned working-class neighborhoods in Brazil. Inaugurated in 1913 with the presence of the then President of the Republic Marechal Hermes da Fonseca, the neighborhood began to grow and develop around the train station, with modernist architectural features.
In 1914, at the end of Marechal Hermes' term, the project was abandoned. Work in the neighborhood only resumed under Getúlio Vargas' government.
Landmarking of Properties
O tombamento significa um conjunto de ações realizadas pelo poder público com o objetivo de preservar, por meio da aplicação de legislação específica, bens de valor histórico, cultural, arquitetônico, ambiental e também de valor afetivo para a população, impedindo que venham a ser destruídos ou descaracterizados
The Cultural Environment Protection Areas (APAC)
The APAC – Cultural Environment Protection Area – was developed to protect architectural ensembles that, due to their characteristics, lend urban qualities to the region without hindering its development.
An APAC is made up, for example, of single-story houses, two-story houses, buildings, streets and squares - regardless of size, uses or activities - that have cultural values which give each urban area its own identity.
# Listed Heritage Buildings of Marechal
I. Escola Municipal Evangelina Duarte Batista
Located in Praça Quinze de Novembro, in Marechal Hermes, the school building was inaugurated during the administration of Mayor Bento Ribeiro (1910-14) and restored in 1934, when it was given the name Evangelina Duarte Batista, wife of the then Mayor of the Federal District, Pedro Ernesto Batista.
Escola Municipal Evangelina Duarte Batista currently. Source: Agências Postais website
Image description: This is a photograph of an old building, possibly a school, located in Marechal Hermes. The image shows a classic facade with neoclassical architecture, characterized by columns and a central arch. On the left, there is a large window with a blue frame. In the center, the main arch is decorated with ornamental details. On the right, there is another window similar to the first one. The building is in very poor condition, with signs of deterioration and graffiti on the wall. At the top, there is a sign that reads "Escola Evangélica Duarte Batista."The construction of the Evangelina Duarte Batista school was part of the "Vilas operárias" (workers' villages) project, conceived by President Marechal Hermes da Fonseca (1910-14). It has the same architectural design as the Santos Dumont municipal school, which occupies the opposite side of Praça Quinze de Novembro. It was granted heritage protection status under decree 29786, of August 29, 2008.
O projeto combina diversos estilos, o que lhe confere importância como exemplar do ecletismo. No vão da entrada, sobressai o portão de ferro da época da inauguração, com desenho delicado de influência art nouveau. Uma das características interessantes da construção é o posicionamento das salas voltadas para um pátio interno, circundado por varandas.
II. Colégio Estadual Professor José Accioli
The institution was founded in April 1954 and was initially called Ginásio Municipal de Marechal Hermes. In May of that same year, the Mayor of the Federal District, Dulcídio do Espírito Santo Cardoso, changed the institution's name, which became Ginásio Municipal Professor José Accioli, in honor of a professor at Colégio Pedro II — a man devoted to the challenges of teaching and education. The current name, Colégio Estadual Professor José Accioli, dates back to 1966.
The school building was part of the beginning of the modernist movement in the city. Image source: website Sua escola tem história
Image description: The image is a photograph of a school building. On the left side, a partially visible tree can be seen, with its trunk and foliage. In front of the building, there is an open area with people walking. The building has a beige façade with red details at the base and corners. At the top, there is a sign with the name "Colégio Estadual Prof. José Accioli". Behind the building, the sky is clear and blue.The school building, located at Rua Costa Filho, No. 500, was declared a heritage site on May 27, 1980, under decree 37,069. It should be noted that Colégio Estadual Professor José Accioli holds vast artistic and historical value, as its construction was part of the beginning of modernist architecture in the city of Rio de Janeiro.
III. Mechanics and Electrical Engineering Course Building of the Escola Técnica Estadual Visconde de Mauá
The current Escola Técnica Estadual Visconde de Mauá (ETEVM) was inaugurated in 1914. Before that, the school's main building (now the building for the mechanics and electrotechnics course) was used as a workshop to prepare materials for the construction of the Vila Proletária Marechal Hermes. After many changes to the building's name, in 1983 it became known as Escola Técnica Estadual Visconde de Mauá. On June 10, 1997, under law 2735, its administration was transferred to the Fundação de Apoio à Escola Técnica (FAETEC).
Mauá began operating on a day-school basis, with more than one hundred students. The education provided was at the primary level, and the workshops (carpentry, cabinetmaking, carving, blacksmithing, fitting, and mechanical turning) were set up by the staff and the school's own students. The workshop was used to prepare materials for the construction of the Vila Proletária Marechal Hermes, making use of land from the former Fazenda de Sapopemba.
The Visconde de Mauá School in the early 20th century. Source: Facebook ETVM
Image description: This is an old black-and-white photograph. In the center of the image, there is a large building with classical architecture, possibly a theater or a public institution. In front of the building, there are several large trees, especially a large central tree that takes up a good part of the image. In front of the building, there are several old cars, some parked and others in motion. On the right, there is another large tree and a parked old car. On the left, there are more trees and a parked old car. The image appears to be of an important city or neighborhood, given the size of the building and the presence of many cars.IV. Santos Dumont Municipal School
Santos Dumont Municipal School is named in honor of the famous Brazilian aeronaut, also known as "The father of aviation." The school had its heritage listing officially declared on June 21, 1990, by Decree 9141.
The eclectic architecture of the school has great historical value. Eclecticism emerged in the mid-19th century, closely linked to the industrial revolutions in Europe and the United States. It is an architectural style that aims to demonstrate grandeur, symmetry, a deep and rigorous hierarchization of internal spaces, and decorative richness.
Colégio Santos Dumont, undated. Source: Facebook Marechal Hermes antigo
Image description: This is an old black-and-white photograph of a school called "Colégio Santos Dumont." At the top of the building's entrance, there is a decorative arch with the school's name written in large letters. The main entrance is formed by columns and a large open door, revealing the interior of the building. In front of the entrance, a group of children is posing for the photo, all dressed in school uniforms.Estação Marechal Hermes
Inaugurated in 1913, Estação de Marechal Hermes was named in honor of the President of the Republic, Marshal Hermes da Fonseca. The creation of the station and the duplication of the railway line made the connection from Marechal Hermes to Central do Brasil simpler, driving commercial growth as well as improvements in the neighborhood's urbanization and sanitation.
With bricks brought directly from England by merchant ships and a structure marked by the presence of French tiles, details in tiles of German and Belgian origin, in addition to French iron arches, the station is considered one of the most beautiful in the city.
Estação Marechal Hermes around 1913. Source: Estações ferroviárias website
Image description: The image is an old black-and-white photograph showing a railway station. On the left side, there is a building with ornate architecture, possibly a central tower and decorative details. In front of it, there is a train platform with a metal roof supported by pillars. In the background, other smaller buildings are visible, also in a classic architectural style. In the upper right corner of the image, it reads "FON FON 15 FEVEREIRO 1913".VI. Teatro Armando Gonzaga
It was inaugurated in April 1954 by the mayor at the time, Dulcídio do Espírito Santo Cardoso. Its name is a tribute to the journalist and playwright Armando Gonzaga. In addition to shows, the theater offers courses in theater, video, and dance. However, it remained closed during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Teatro Armando Gonzaga was listed as a heritage site in 1989 by the State Institute of Cultural Heritage (INEPAC).
The theater about 50 years ago. Source: Flickr Caminhos do Subúrbio
Image description: The image is a black-and-white photograph of an architectural complex. On the left side, there is a building with a sloped roof and light-colored walls. In the center, there is an angular structure also with a sloped roof. On the right, there is a lower building with a flat roof and a tower. In the foreground, there is vegetation and an open space with a metal structure. In the bottom right corner, there is a logo with the text "CASCADURA" and "CAMINHOS DO SUBURBIO."Built by Affonso Reidy with landscaping by Burle Marx, the rustic and delicate gardens have a striking design, just like the stage curtains. Paulo Werneck created the exterior tiles, which pair perfectly with Burle Marx's gardens and give Teatro Armando Gonzaga great originality.
Memories
Gabriel Silva is 15 years old, a first-year clinical analysis student at ETE Oscar Tenório, and looks back on his elementary school graduation, which took place at Teatro Armando Gonzaga.
A minha formatura aconteceu em 2016, no Teatro Armando Gonzaga, em Marechal. A escola em que eu estudava tinha organizado uma peça teatral e o tema da minha turma era João e Maria. Eu fiz o papel do gigante. Ensaiei o ano todo, mas quando chegou a hora de me apresentar foi um caos, porque acabei esquecendo as minhas falas e me embaralhando. Lembro-me também de não ter um figurino específico. Eu estava usando uma blusa branca, uma jaqueta preta e uma calça. A plateia estava lotada, e foi a primeira vez que me apresentei em Marechal.
Photo: personal collection
Image description: The image is a photograph of a theatrical performance. On the left side, there are two boys standing, one wearing a brown shirt and black pants, the other in a white t-shirt and black pants. Between them is a small pink wheelbarrow. In the center, there is a table covered with a yellow cloth. On the right, three people are standing: a woman in a white dress with purple stripes, followed by two children, one wearing a black t-shirt and jeans, and the other wearing a blue t-shirt and jeans. The background displays a painted backdrop with colorful flowers and the text "MUCCHITI" in large, colorful letters.Vera Lucia Fernandes Lopes is 70 years old and is the mother of Prof. Cristina, the current Spanish teacher at ETE Oscar Tenório. She recalls some remarkable moments experienced in Marechal Hermes.
No Teatro Armando Gonzaga, no nosso querido bairro de Marechal Hermes, vivi um momento lindo quando o nosso inesquecível Palhaço Carequinha se apresentou. Tive a oportunidade de levar meus filhos pequenos para conhecerem o ídolo da minha infância, e que também estava fazendo parte da deles. Assistimos duas sessões seguidas, e toda vez que ele perguntava ‘Quem fazia xixi na cama?’, a minha filha era a primeira a gritar ‘Eu não faço. Na Escola Municipal Santos Dumont, tive bons momentos como professora em 1976. Na época eu estava grávida da minha filha. Estacionava meu fusquinha em frente à escola. Antes não havia movimento de carro como hoje. Foram momentos marcantes em minha vida
Photo: personal collection
Image description: This is a photograph of two women smiling at the camera. The woman on the left has short hair and wears glasses, dressed in a striped blouse in shades of pink and white. The woman on the right has long, wavy hair and wears a floral top in shades of yellow and white. They are close to each other, with the woman on the right resting her arm over the other's shoulders. The background appears to be indoors, possibly a store or a studio, with objects and furniture slightly out of focus.Luiz Felipe da Silva Borges is 17 years old and is a 3rd-year student in health management at ETE Oscar Tenório. He tells us about an event frequently held at Visconde de Mauá school.
O nome do evento é "Explosão Cultural" e é uma tradição no Mauázinho, assim como as feiras na Oscar Tenório. O evento mistura exposições de artes feitas por alunos, apresentações musicais, comida boa e barata, fantasias... Enfim, é incrível. E o momento mais marcante para mim ocorreu na edição de 2018. Foi quando parte do 9° ano subiu ao palco para juntos cantarmos uma música. Foi como um grande encerramento para todos nós. O evento é realmente incrível e a gente aproveitou cada momento.
Photo: personal collection
Image description: This is a photograph of a group of people smiling at the camera in an indoor setting, likely a dance or classroom studio. On the left side, there is a woman with short hair wearing a black dress. She is smiling and looking at the camera. Beside her is another woman with long, wavy hair, wearing a blue shirt and jeans. Further to the right, there is a girl with long black hair, wearing a white blouse and jeans. She is also smiling and looking at the camera. In the background, there are more people, some with their backs turned, appearing to be moving or talking. The room's decor includes light-colored walls and doors in the background.(Source: City of São Paulo - frequently asked questions about heritage listing. Available at: https://www.capital.sp.gov.br/cidadao/cultura/imoveis-tomabados-e-patrimonio-historico/perguntas-frquentes-sobre-tombamento) Source: City of Rio de Janeiro. Listed schools. Available at: http://www0.rio.rj.gov.br/sme/crep/escolas/escolas_tombadas/em_evangelina_d_batista.html
