The introduction of the neoclassical style by members of the French Artistic Mission (1816) favored the "Europeanization" process of Rio's culture and architecture. Symmetrical schemes expressing constructive clarity and simplicity of forms through the use of elements such as pediments and columns set the tone of the urban landscape in the transition from the first to the second half of the 19th century. The emphasis was on embellishment and the use of masonry, tiles, metals, and glass, along with decorative details. Gardens multiplied and urban aesthetics gained prominence, with well-built townhouses and single-story houses catering to the bourgeois interests that were taking over the city.
Image description: This is a historic photograph of a building with classical architecture. On the left side, we see a column with a female statue. In the center, there is a large arch with a male statue standing out. On the right, another column with a female statue completes the symmetry. The building has a façade with many architectural details, including windows and a pediment with sculptures. At the center of the façade, there is a plaque with legible text.Entrance to the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Image based on the photo by Marc Ferrez, 1891. Public Domain - Wikimedia Commons
In the 1870s, the transition from Neoclassical to Eclectic began, an architectural genre that looked toward the future and progress, despite its roots in past trends.
Beyond the changes in building methods, efforts were made to free constructions from the limits of the lots. While maintaining the street alignment, buildings were set back on one of the sides, giving rise to private gardens, meant to ventilate and light the homes. The landscape was beginning to open up to the lights of the Belle Époque.
Image description: The image is an old photograph of a municipal theater. On the left side, we see a historic building with neoclassical architecture, featuring columns and an ornate pediment. On the right, there is a structure with domes and decorative details. In the center, the main building has a light-colored facade, with arches and large windows. In front, stairs lead to the theater's entrance. On the right side, there is an old street lamp. In the lower right corner, two men are talking near the theater's entrance. The image is in black and white.Teatro Municipal do Rio de Janeiro, circa 1912. Author: Marc Ferrez/ Gilberto Ferrez Collection, Instituto Moreira Salles.
